2022 · Article · Open Access
<p style="margin: 1em 0px; color: #111111; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.2px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;"><em>Qur’an is a holly book that was revealed by Allah S.W.T to the prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h) as guidances for human kind to live better in order to help them to get good part today and the day after. Qur’an is also as a direction (hudan) for people in general and obedient people (moslem) specifically, and it has been a medium to make it different between good and bad (al-furqan). As revelation, Qur’an discusses about faith, etiquette, moral value, and character. This study described Qur’an perspective of character education. Through character education, it is hoped that moslem people can apply it in line with Qur’an rules. Therefore, moslem people can achieve good personality (akhlatul-karimah dan Mmahmudah) and avoid something bad (mazmumah), even achieving demoralization.</em></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; color: #111111; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.2px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;"><strong>Kata Kunci:</strong><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>al-quran, pendidikan karakter, akhlak, etika dan moral</p>
2022 · Article · Open Access
<div><p><em>This article proposed some important issues relating with teaching English vocabulary. This article also quoted various literature that have a correaltion with teaching English vocabulary for Indonesian students who were not from English Department. Specially, this article discussed about some issues relating with teaching strategy (Metacognitive strategy) and its procedure in teaching English vocabulary to the students. At last, this article might give a recommendation for those students in improving their English vocabulary.</em><em> </em></p><p><strong>Key Words<em>:</em></strong><em> metacognitive strategy, vocabulary learning</em><strong></strong></p><div><em><br /></em></div></div>
2022 · Article · Open Access
<p><em>nformation technology (IT) has become major facilitators for business practices, has yielded great contribution towards fundamental changes upon organizational structures, operations, and management. Automatic Telling Machine (ATM) , e-commerce, online e-banking transfer, are the examples of the application of the technology and has made human’s life even easier. The advancement of IT also contributes to educational system. Web-based learnings (e-learnings) are continuously developed by IT practitioners. Profiles of educational institutions, starting from basic level up to university ones, are easily accessed by society regardless where they live due to IT developments. Therefore, there should be great attempts made the government, especially Ministry of Education and Culture, to ensure that IT can reach all level of society and get rid of the possibility of quality gaps of education.</em><em></em></p><strong>Kata kunci:</strong><span> kualitas pendidikan, teknologi, informasi</span>
2022 · Article · Open Access
<p style="margin: 1em 0px; color: #111111; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.2px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;"><em>his research aimed improving students’ reading comprehension in Arabic by using Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) at MAN 3 Padangpanjang. To reach the aim, qualitative approach and classroom action research (CAR) were used. The participants of the research were students of grade XI/2 MAN 3 Padangpanjang. The research was conducted during July-August in 2008/2009 academic year which consisted 3 cycles. The data were collected employing such techniques as of test, observation, interview and in depth discussion among the researcher team, peer and collaborator for the reflection and supported by the following tools as reading comprehension test, observation sheet, interview guidance, questionnaire and discussion sheet. The finding showed that CIRC improved students reading comprehension in Arabic, and learning process activity. CIRC also made reading comprehension in Arabic more enjoyable and minimize learning boredom.</em><em></em></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; color: #111111; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.2px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;"><strong>Kata kunci</strong>: membaca pemahaman, model pembelajaran, kooperatif tipe CIRC (<em>Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition</em>).</p>
2022 · Article · Open Access
<p style="margin: 1em 0px; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #fafafa;">The investigation of bimetallic CuPt Nanoparticles (CuPt NPs) with average diameters in the 196.7±98 nm range have been prepared by the Liquid phase deposition methods and synthesized directly on an indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate. CuPt NPs with high surface defect grown on (ITO) surface were prepared via a simple immersion of the substrate into a solution contains 1 mM Potassium Hexachloro Platinate (K<sub>2</sub>PtCl<sub>6</sub>), 0.2 mM Anhydrous Copper (II) Sulfate (CuSO<sub>4</sub>) anhydrous, 0.01 M Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 10 mM Formic acid for 4 h at room temperature. The modification of Cu<sup>2+</sup><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>ion precursor play a role to determine the nanoparticles geometry obtained. The simultaneous reduction of metal ions leads to either a surface enriched with one component or an alloy type of structure depending on the bimetal composition. The bimetallic CuPt NPs dispersions are characterized by FESEM, EDX Mapping, XRD, HRTEM and XPS analysis.</p><em style="color: #111111; font-family: Arial, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #fafafa;">Key words: CuPt, Liquid phase deposition, Bimetallic CuPt NPs</em>
2022 · Article · Open Access
<p>The purpose of this research is to tilapia fish farming options to address the population's dependence on natural resources Kerinci National Park (TNKS) at Nagari Limes Tower Lumpo South Coastal District. The study involved people with the characteristics of the profession in the forest breadwinner TNKS with 40 households. In the year I conducted research information and guidance on: (1) the benefits to the ecosystem and human TNKS and the risk of making a living in TNKS; (2) create a pond breeding and rearing of tilapia; (3) the breeding and mendeder tilapia; (4) to make fish feed; (5) to collect data of economic activity conducted sample population. In II was found (1) fingerlings 25,000; (2) The rearing ponds and nursery 5 units, (3) feed production has been carried out by farmers. The findings of this study in the second year compared. Data taken form the sample frequency of visits to TNKS. The second year study lasted for 6 months. To see the similarities or differences between the mean results of economic activity used formula T-Test statistics. The results showed that the average percentage of traffic TNKS sample members for 6 months to 86%. Based on research on second year level visit to the pool group members each month TNKS 75.06%. The mean rate of decline in the frequency of visits to group members TNKS an approximately 11.06%. Decreased levels of group members visit the pool to TNKS the second year that the guide member can mengatasai tilapia fish farming population's dependence on TNKS. Thus concluded that the tilapia fish farming has made the choice to overcome the dependence on natural resources population Kerinci National Park (TNKS) at Nagari Limes Tower Lumpo South Coastal District with fairly good results,</p><em>Key words: TNKS, Aquaculture, Tilapia, Natural Resources, Economic Activity</em>
2022 · Article · Open Access
<div><p>Preparation of Dip-Coating Calcium Phosphate via sol-gel method using natural limestone Bukit Tui as calcium precursors and diammonium hydrogen phosphate as phosphorus precursors with various Ca/P mol ratio has been investigated. Etanol was used as solvent and DEA (dietanolamine) as stabilizing agent. Powder were prepared by calcinated the sol at 950<sup>o</sup>C. The results characterized by Fourier Transform Infra-red, X-Ray diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy. FTIR results showed that the vibration form was PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup>, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub><sup>4-</sup>, O-H and CO<sub>2</sub>. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns of powder with various Ca/P mol ratio showed that the product of calcium phosphate was Ca<sub>2</sub>P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> and also found the hydroxyapatite Ca<sub>10</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>6</sub>(0H)<sub>2</sub> in Ca/P ratio mol 1,7. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of powder calcium phosphate revealed that their morphology were spheric and homogen. The coating process was done at glass substrate with coating speed 20 cm/min by calcinations at 400<sup>o</sup>C. . X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns of thin layer showed that the product was Ca<sub>2</sub>P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of thin layer revealed that their morphology were bulk.</p><em>Key words; natural limestone, calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, sol-gel, dip-coating</em></div><div><em><br /></em></div>
2022 · Article · Open Access
<p>Morphology is the result of expression of a genotype that is influenced by environmental factors. Plant morphological variations may occur due to the different conditions of the region, these conditions may include differences in geographical location, ecological conditions such as variations in temperature, humidity, nutrition and others. Has done research on the morphology of Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) Blume grown in mangrove forest districts North Siberut Mentawai District. This morphological study aims to determine the morphology B. Cylindrica and compare it with the data that has been there before. This study was conducted in May-June 2015 in the mangrove forest District of North Siberut Mentawai District. The research method used in the study was a survey and a collection directly in the field. Samples contained area of mangrove forests are taken at random and then proceed to describe the morphology of the species B. Cylindica structure. Based on the research that has been dilakkan B. cylindrica can diketahuhi there are some differences in morphological characters on the roots of these species such as shape, color roots, tree height, color of trunks and branches, filotaksis leaves, leaf color, leaf length, flower color, fruit color, length and the diameter hipokotil. Then from this study can also be added some new information that has not been previously reported.</p><p><em>Key word: </em><em>mo</em><em>r</em><em>fologi Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) Blume</em><em>, </em><em>mangrove</em><em>, </em><em>mentawai</em></p>
2022 · Article · Open Access
<div><p>Implantation is the most critical stage in the establishment of pregnancy. In mammals, it has been estimated that between 25% and 60% of conceptuses are lost before or at the time of implantation. The objectives of this study were to investigate the ability of blastocyst hatching and attachment of trophoblast cells in <em>in vitro</em>, the outgrowth and differentiation of trophoblast cells in <em>in vitro</em> culture of hatched and non hatched blastocyst, the activity of mitochondria NADH-CoQ reductase and the pattern of mitochondrial distribution. Blastocysts were collected from mice cornua utery at day-4 of pregnancy and were divided into 3 groups: blastocysts undergo hatching within 24 hours, 48 hours and non hatching. Embryos were cultured in DMEM medium in 5% CO<sub>2</sub> incubator at 37°C for 10 days. The trophoblasts monolayer were processed for Giemsa staining and histochemistry analysis of NADH-tetrazolium reductase activity. The outgrowth of trophoblast cells were measured using eyespiece micrometer. The results showed the ability of blastocyst hatching in <em>in vitro</em> were different. The trophoblast outgrowth diameter of 24 h hatched blastocyst was significantly different with the 48 h hatched and non hatched blastocyst. The activity of NADH-CoQ reductase of 24 h and 48 h hatched blastocysts showed higher intensity than the non hatched blastocysts (P<0,05) and the distribution of mitochondrial in trophoblast cell cytoplasma of 24 h and 48 h hatched blastocyst were homogen around nucleus whereas thoes of non hatched blastocyst were cluster and heterogen. In conclusion, in <em>in vitro</em> study the failure of blastocysts hatching and implantation was due to the failure of outgrowth and differentiation of the trofoblast cells and the impairment of NADH-CoQ reductase activity in complex I mitochondria to produce energy and the pattern of mitochondrial distribution.</p><em>Key words</em>: mitochondrial distribution, NADH- tetrazolium reductase, trophoblast, implantation</div><div> </div>
2022 · Article · Open Access
<p>An experiment was done to design of conductivity sensor for real time measurement of TDS (Total Dissolved Solid) in water. The instrument system incluedes hardware and software systems. The hardware system consist conductivity sensor, microcontroller arduino uno, and a PC. While the software system covers the procces and making on display measurement result based on LabVIEW. TDS information is displayed in the form of digital, analog and graph in real time. Another advantage of this measurement system is that the TDS data can be stored in file format xlxs. The measurement data is done by comparing the system is designed with a standard measuring instrument that is TDS EZDO E 7200. The data obtained through measurement errors were analyzed using the theory and methods of the graph. Based on the analysis conducted found the output voltage of the conductivity sensor rises with the increase in water with a sensitivity of 0,924 mV/ppm. The instrument of TDS measurement data has an accuracy rate of 97.17 %</p><em>Keyword: microcontroller, water, TDS, LabVIEW</em>
2022 · Article · Open Access
<p>A study on the changing of membrane compositions and internal solution towards the response potassium ion sensor was carried out. Potassium ion sensor based on photocured cross linking poly(n-butyl acrylate) membranes with varying composition of valinomycin (val), sodium tetrakis [3.5-bis(trifluoro-methyl) phenyl] borat (NaTFPB), types ion of internal solution were investigated. Effects of varying composition of val, NaTFPB, types and concentration of internal solution were observed on potassium ion sensor. The effect of higher val composition was lower LOD, wider linear range, lower sensitivity but increase selectivity. Higher NaTFPB compositions lead to lower LOD, higher sensitivity and selectivity. The effect of changing internal electrolyte lead to lower LOD, wider linear response range and higher selectivity according to internal electrolyte consisting Na<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup>, and sensitivity increase following internal electrolyte with Ca<sup>2+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup> and Na<sup>+</sup>.</p><em>Key words: ion sensor, ion selective membrane, ionofor, lipofilik salt</em>
2022 · Article · Open Access
<p style="margin: 1em 0px; color: #111111; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.2px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;"><em>Critical reading is a reading technique that encourages the students to have deeper comprehension on the materials they are reading. Analyzing and evaluating the reading materials by proposing several critical questions to the writer, known as ‘reading between the lines”, can direct the reading to ‘advance’ level. Consequently, the students do not just take for granted what they are reading. However, to become a critical reader is not easy since there are some potential obstacles that the reader might encounter. Consequently, they have to be able to deal with the obstacles and therefore become critical and active readers.</em></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; color: #111111; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.2px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;"><strong>Key words:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></strong>critical reading, critical readers, critical thinking, and active readers</p>
2022 · Article · Open Access
<p style="margin: 1em 0px; color: #111111; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.2px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;"><em>This article describes self-belief and intuition, and knowledge about students’ thinking process in solving problems. This research employed qualitative approach using quantitative method. Techniques of data analysis were data reduction, data display and conclusion. The finding showed that: 1) students of high group had possessed self-belief and intuition, and knowledge about students’ thinking process in solving problems, but had not possessed conditional knowledge yet. 2) Students of average group had possessed good self-belief, but had not intuition and knowledge about students’ thinking process in solving problems yet. 3) Students of low group had not possessed the above mentioned two metacognitive behaviors in solving problems yet.</em></p><strong style="color: #111111; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.2px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">Kata kunci:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></strong><span style="color: #111111; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.2px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">metakognitif, masalah matematika</span>
2022 · Article · Open Access
<p><em>Planning which are important and strategic functions in education should be carried out by means of system approach. Educational management system approach is elaborated in comprehensive system approach and input-output approach. System approach, according to its goals, is oriented toward the use of various appropriate concepts of system theory. System approach also employs scientific method in solving problems and has orientation toward the use system theory application in managing organizational system.</em></p><strong>Kata kunci:</strong><span> pendekatan sistem, perencanaan, manajemen pendidikan</span>
2022 · Article · Open Access
One of the current issue in global education has changed to the paradigm of local wisdom<br />concept. This trend was caused by the failure of “modern” concept of education which is not<br />able to humanize the human. For several years educators have conducted teaching and<br />learning process in formal schools but some of them still failed in educating their students.<br />The failure of modern concept of education has made many researchers to do research in<br />local wisdom concept because this concept was considered as an alternative to answer the<br />question. Years ago Minangkabau people were educated in surau as an informal school.<br />Many great persons have been produced in surau. The concept of education in surau is very<br />interesting because learners are educated in three main subjects namely religion, culture and<br />the knowledge of social life aspects. These subjects become a basic knowledge for learners<br />so that they are beeing well-prepared in facing this life. This article tries to propose the<br />concept and how to apply the concept of surau in modern life. The concept will be applied in<br />a model of long distance learning of surau. Informational technology will have significant<br />role to apply this concept where all learners can learn as if they were in surau. Long<br />distance learning has helped many people in learning. It has no reason for modern people<br />not to learn in surau because surau has been created in their home.
2022 · Article · Open Access
Language Learning Strategies (LLSs) is known with its benefit to learners and play<br />an influental role in the process of language learning. In this regards, this paper aims<br />to describe the language learning strategies used by high achievement learners with<br />different science background enrolled in non English Education Departments (EEDs)<br />of State Institute of Islamic Studies (IAIN) Batusangkar registered in 2015/2016<br />academic year. Through probability sampling 134 respondents were selected. The<br />data collected by modifying the Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL)<br />questionnaire that derived into six strategies. This study examines the level usage of<br />LLSs in 3.5 level usage or in high level usage. More specifict, memory strategies used<br />by high achievement students of non English Education Departments is medium<br />usage with the mean score 3.4.Cognitive strategies was medium usage with the mean<br />score 3.3. Compensation strategies was high usage with the mean score 3.5.<br />Metacognitive strategies was high usage with the mean score 3.8. Affective strategies<br />was medium usage with the mean score 3.4. Social strategies was high usage with the<br />mean score of students‟ response 3.5.
2022 · Article · Open Access
<p style="margin: 1em 0px; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #fafafa;">Embryology is part of a study of developmental biology. In embryology widely used terms that will clarify a process, and the state or the name of a body part, such as teratology, is part of a study of embryology and cause birth defects. Fetuses and embryos as another name for the developing fetus. Individual development process involves five kinds of processes, namely the growth, differentiation, cellular interactions, movement and metabolism. The fifth process will always be found in every stage of human development (day after day and week after week). Embryology process closely related to the presence and action of genes in the body. Advances in technology have shown that the lack of regulation in the body at the cellular level is called the molecular regulation and signaling.</p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #fafafa;"><strong> </strong></p><span style="color: #111111; font-family: Arial, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #fafafa; display: inline !important; float: none;">Key words ; embryology, developmental of biology</span>
2022 · Article · Open Access
<p>The purpose of this study were to analyze the morphology, tensile strength, power degradation and the degree of crystallinity of plastic nata de soya. This plastic using oleic acid plasticizer with various volume 30 , 40 and 50 mL and 30 mL glycerol 3 %. Plastic morphology test using Scanning Electron Microscope ( SEM ). Tensile strength test using a test tensometer and crystallinity using X - ray diffraction instrument ( XRD ). Power degradation is determined by hoards of plastic in the soil for 10 days. The longer plastic soaked for 6 days then getting flat plastic surface morphology, the lower of value of tensile strength is 7.87 MPa, the lower of power degradation is 23. 72 % and the higher the degree of crystallinity is 39.96 %.</p><p> </p><span>Key words: oleic acid, plasticizer , biodegradable plastic, nata de soya</span>
2022 · Article · Open Access
<p><em>Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa tentang posisi penyandang Cerebral Palsy dalam </em><em>al-ahliyah, dalam hal ini penyandang Cerebral Palsy (</em><em>asy-syalal al-dhimaghi)</em><em> adalah cedera pada saraf yang ada pada otak, sehingga menyebabkan gangguan pada anggota gerak, atau bahkan hilangnya kemampuan anggota gerak tersebut adakalanya terjadi pada tangan atau kaki atau bahkan keduamya, adapun al-ahliyah sebuah istilah dalam pembahasan Fiqh dan Usul Fiqh yang mana menjadi salah satu syarat seseorang menjadi mukallaf. Penulis dalam hal ini menggunakan metode kajian pustaka dan metode Analitikal. Dalam tulisan ini penulis menyimpulkan bahwasanya penyandang Cerebral Palsy masuk dalam kategori al-ahliyah sesuai dengan klasifikasinya, dimana penyandang masuk dalam kategori Ahliyah Al Wujūb Al Nāqishah pada fase janin dan masuk dalam kategori Ahliyah Al Wujūb Al Kāmilah pada fase setelah kelahiran, Akan tetapi penyandang tidak masuk dalam kategori Ahliyah Al Adā’ Al Kāmilah pada fase janin dan fase anak-anak, namun tetap masuk dalam kategori Ahliyah Al Adā’ Al Kāmilah pada fase Dewasa dan Ahliyah Al Adā’ Al Nāqishah pada fase anak-anak menuju umur baligh. Adapun dalam pembahasan </em><em>A</em><em>waridh </em><em>A</em><em>l-</em><em>A</em><em>hliyyah</em><em> maka posisi Cerebral Palsy masuk dalam kategori sakit.</em><em></em></p>
2022 · Article · Open Access
<p>This study aims to determine the effect of atsiri oils on the growth of mycelium and formation of aservulus <em>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</em> causes anthracnose disease of papaya fruits in vitro. This study is an experimental study, using a completely randomized design (CRD) 3 x 4 factorial with replicates. The treatments tested were types of essential oils (Citronella, Cinnamon and Clove) and volume (0,3 mL, 9 mL and 18 mL). Data were analyzed with ANOVA and further test used is BNJ at the level of 5 % for the diameter of the colony and DNMRT at the level of 5 % for the amount of aservulus <em>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</em>. The results showed the essential oil can inhibit the growth of mycelium and formation of aservulus <em>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</em>. Clove oil in 3 mL volumes can significantly inhibit the growth of mycelium with a diameter of 10.07 cm 13.77 cm whereas control. Mycelium growth were treated with clove oil is slower than the citronella oil (12.67 cm) and cinnamon oil (13.7 cm). Clove oil in 9 mL volume can significantly inhibit the formation of mold aservulus the number 71 aservulus while control aservulus 527.67. Aservulus formation of fungus treated with clove oil is slower than the citronella oil (116 aservulus) and cinnamon oil (263 aservulus).</p><span>Key words : essential oils, </span><em>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</em><span>, antraknosa</span>
